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Interdisciplinary CompetenceMolecular Diagnostics
Know how in the analysis of genetic material.
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IllnessCornelia-de Lange syndrome, differential diagnosis

Summary

Short information

Comprehensive differential diagnostic panel for Cornelia-de Lange syndrome comprising 6 or altogether 13 curated genes according to the clinical signs

ID
CP0100
Number of genes
13 Accredited laboratory test
Examined sequence length
22,9 kb (Core-/Core-canditate-Genes)
56,9 kb (Extended panel: incl. additional genes)
Analysis Duration
on request
Material
  • EDTA-anticoagulated blood (3-5 ml)
Diagnostic indications

NGS +

 

Gene panel

Selected genes

NameExon Length (bp)OMIM-GHeredity
BRD44089AD
HDAC81134XLD
NIPBL8415AD
RAD211896AD, AR
SMC1A3702XLD
SMC33654AD
AFF43492AD
ANKRD117992AD
ASXL14626AD
EP3007245AD
PIGN2796AR
TAF15682XLR
TAF62145AR

Informations about the disease

Clinical Comment

Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdL) is a developmental disorder that affects multiple organ systems or areas of the body. The symptoms vary widely and range from relatively mild to severe. CdL patients grow slowly before and after birth and exhibit moderate to severe intellectual disability in addition to short stature. The bones in the arms, hands and fingers are abnormally shaped. Most people with CdL have characteristic facial features with strongly arched eyebrows and synophrys, long eyelashes, low-set ears, small and spaced teeth including a small snub nose. Behavioral abnormalities are common and resembe autism. Hypertrichosis, microcephaly, hearing loss and digestive malfunctions occur, as do cleft palate, seizures, heart defects and eye problems. CdL is likely underdiagnosed because affected individuals with mild or unusual features may never be recognized. The syndrome can result from mutations in at least five genes: NIPBL, SMC1A, HDAC8, RAD21 and SMC3, with mutations in the NIPBL gene occurring in more than half of all patients. SMC1A, RAD21 and SMC3 mutations cause milder symptoms. HDAC8 mutations cause delayed closure of the anterior fontanel, hypertelorism, dental abnormalities and significant intellectual disability. Thus CdL features vary widely, and severity can be markedly different even among individuals with the same gene mutation. CdL is caused by autosomal or X-linked dominant acting mutations. In approximately 30% of cases, the cause of CdL remains unknown, so a negative DNA test result does not exclude the clinical diagnosis.

Reference: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1104/

 

Synonyms
  • CDLS: Facial dysmorphism, low anterior hairline, arched eyebrows, synophrys, anteverted nares
  • CDLS: Maxillary prognathism, long philtrum, thin lips/carp mouth, pre-/postnatal growth retardation
  • Alazami-Yuan syndrome (TAF6)
  • Alias: Brachmann-de Lange-Syndrom
  • Alias: Cornelia de Lange like syndrome 2 AFF4)
  • Alias: Mental retardation + upper limb anomalies
  • Allelic: Dystonia-Parkinsonism, XL (TAF1)
  • Allelic: Epileptic encephalopathy, infantile, 85, midline brain defects (SMC1A)
  • Allelic: Mungan s.: Pseudoobstruction, chronic intest., Barrett esophagus, cardiac abnorm. (RAD21)
  • Allelic: Myelodysplastic syndrome, somatic (ASXL1)
  • Bohring-Opitz syndrome [malformations, severe intrauterine growth retardation] (ASXL1)
  • CHOPS [Cognitive, Coarse face, Heart, Obesity, Pulmonary, Short, Skeletal ] syndrome (AFF4)
  • Cornelia de Lange syndrome 1 (NIPBL)
  • Cornelia de Lange syndrome 2 (SMC1A)
  • Cornelia de Lange syndrome 3 (SMC3)
  • Cornelia de Lange syndrome 4 / Cohesinopathy (RAD21)
  • Cornelia de Lange syndrome 5 (HDAC8)
  • Cornelia de Lange-like syndrome [MONDO:0016033] (BRD4)
  • KBG syndrome [Short stat.-facial + skeletal anomalies-intellectual disability-macrodontia] (ANKRD11)
  • Menke-Hennekam syndrome 2 (EP300)
  • Mental retardation, XL, syndromic 33 [dysmorphism, intell. disab., neurological signs] (TAF1)
  • Multiple congenital anomalies-hypotonia-seizures syndrome 1 (PIGN)
  • Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome 2 (EP300)
Heredity, heredity patterns etc.
  • AD
  • AR
  • XLD
  • XLR
OMIM-Ps
  • Multiple OMIM-Ps
ICD10 Code
Q87.1

Bioinformatics and clinical interpretation

No text defined